Calciro

Equivalent Nodal Loads for a Beam Element

Derive and check the consistent local load vector for a two-node Euler–Bernoulli beam with a linearly varying transverse load.

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Consistent, Not Merely Static

Equivalent nodal loads in a finite element are obtained by integrating the distributed load against the element shape functions. This preserves virtual work for the element interpolation.

Use the Equivalent Nodal Loads Calculator for a straight two-node Euler–Bernoulli beam.

Linear Load Definition

Let q vary linearly from q1 at node 1 to q2 at node 2 over length L.

The consistent local vector is:

`F1 = L(7q1 + 3q2)/20`

`M1 = L²(3q1 + 2q2)/60`

`F2 = L(3q1 + 7q2)/20`

`M2 = -L²(2q1 + 3q2)/60`

Uniform-Load Check

Setting q1 = q2 = q gives:

  • F1 = qL/2,
  • F2 = qL/2,
  • M1 = qL²/12,
  • M2 = −qL²/12.

OpenSees documentation likewise describes equal nodal forces and equal-and-opposite nodal moments for a uniform gravity line load on an elastic beam.

Force Equilibrium

The integrated load is:

`W = L(q1 + q2)/2`

The calculator verifies that F1 + F2 − W is approximately zero.

Not Support Reactions

The vector belongs to the element before global assembly and solution. Supports, releases, transformations, and the structure's stiffness determine final reactions and displacements.

Related Guides

Frequently Asked Questions

Why not place half the total load at each node?
That reproduces total force for a uniform load but omits the consistent nodal moments required by cubic beam interpolation.
What sign convention is used?
Loads are expressed in the element's chosen positive local transverse and rotational degrees of freedom.
Can I use the formulas for a partial-span load?
Not directly. A partial-span load requires integrating over its actual loaded interval or subdividing the element.

Last updated 7/20/2026